Other Ornamentation
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There are more techniques in ornamentation than shown previously. Here are a few more ideas:

On almost any note you want to emphasize, you can use what is called a "doubling" to do so. This ornament consists of simply breaking up the note into two notes using a cut or similar grace note above the doubled note. You must be careful to do this very quickly; but when you can do so, it adds a nice effect. Doubled notes are typically used at the top of a descending phrase, and sometimes on the last note of a phrase.

Vibrato can be added on any held note. You can add vibrato by one of two ways: first, for any note above E, you can use an unneeded finger to flutter one of the lower holes open and closed, provided you leave at least one hole open where the note is. For example, if you are putting vibrato on a G note, leave the fourth hole open and flutter your finger on the fifth or sixth hole. Another way to get vibrato, and a better way, is to use your diaphragm to vary your breath pressure. Start slowly when learning this technique and practice introducing small pulses in your breathing using your stomach (not your throat). Gradually increase your speed and start putting it into tunes.

Try sliding up to a note from the note beneath. This works especially well if you are starting a tune slowly or if you have space to really emphasize it. You can slide up by gradually uncovering the hole beneath the one the note is on, by sliding your finger forwards and upwards, by rolling your finger back toward you, or by pulling your finger back toward your hand.

You can use crans in a similar manner to a short roll, by eliminating the first main note. Use this "short cran" to emphasize quarter notes on middle D or E, especially.

Slide up or down a half-step to get an accidental note, and then back. Use this one sparingly, as it can add a blues/jazz/rock element to your playing that may distract from the tune.

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